Study on the Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Dexmedetomidine on the Perioperative Cardiovascular Stability of Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroscopy Surgery

Abstract Background Should arthroscopy surgery is a minimally invasive treatment with advantages such as minimal trauma, rapid postoperative recovery, and fewer complications, making it widely used in clinical practice. In clinical procedures, the choice of anesthesia is crucial, as it directly determines the patient's intraoperative comfort and hemodynamic stability, while also significantly influencing postoperative recovery. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective and specific α2 adrenergic receptor agonist that produces sedative, analgesic, anti-anxiety, inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity, stabilization of hemodynamics effects, as well as anti-salivation, anti-vomiting, anti-chills and diuresis. It has been widely used in clinical practice, but there are insufficient reports on its effects on the cardiovascular stability of patients during shoulder arthroscopy surgery. Purpose To explore the effect of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine on the perioperative cardiovascular stability of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy surgery. Methods 92 patients with shoulder arthroscopy were enrolled in our hospital from January to October 2025. They were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method. Each group consisted of 46 patients. The observation group received intravenous infusion of dexmedetomide (0.2 μg/(kg·h)), while control group did not receive dexmedetomidine injection. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of the duration of sensory block, analgesia time of brachial plexus block, as well as cardiovascular-related indicators including heart rate and blood pressure at different time points (before the surgery, 10 minutes of administration, 30 minutes of administration, cessation of medication, and at the end of surgery). Results The duration of sensory block and analgesia time of brachial plexus block of observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Before the surgery, there was no difference in heart rate and blood pressure between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 10 minutes of administration, 30 minutes of administration, cessation of medication, and at the end of surgery, the heart rate and blood pressure (key cardiovascular parameters) of observation group were lower than those of control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of sensory block and brachial plexus block in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. More importantly, it can effectively regulate cardiovascular function, reduce intraoperative heart rate and blood pressure, inhibit the cardiovascular stress response induced by surgery and anesthesia, maintain the stability of the cardiovascular system during the operation, and provide a safer hemodynamic environment for the operation.