Clinical Efficacy Observation of Lacrimal Intubation Surgery for the Treatment of Lacrimal Passage Stenosis or Obstruction

Abstract Objective As a common ophthalmic disease, lacrimal duct stenosis or obstruction is mainly characterized by overflowing tears, increased eye secretions, and even secondary infections, which seriously affect the quality of life and visual health of patients. Its causes are complex and diverse, including congenital developmental abnormalities, age-related degenerative changes, inflammatory reactions, trauma, and surgery. Among them, congenital factors are more common in infants and young children due to the non opening of the Hasner valve at the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct, while adults are mainly caused by secondary factors, such as chronic dacryocystitis, lacrimal duct stones, tumor compression, and local anatomical changes such as facial fractures. In addition, systemic diseases such as Wagner's granulomas and sarcoidosis can indirectly lead to lacrimal duct stenosis through tissue fibrosis mediated by inflammatory mediators. For a long time, various treatment methods have been proposed for this disease in clinical practice, ranging from conservative lacrimal flushing to more invasive nasal lacrimal sac anastomosis, all of which have alleviated symptoms to a certain extent. However, traditional lacrimal sac anastomosis, although simple to operate, is prone to false passage formation or secondary mucosal damage, and has a high recurrence rate, especially for cases with severe fibrosis. Although the patency rate of nasal lacrimal sac anastomosis is relatively considerable. However, there are problems such as large surgical trauma, facial scars, excessive intraoperative bleeding, and long postoperative recovery period. Purpose At the same time, it requires high technical skills from the surgeon, making it difficult to promote in primary medical institutions, to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of lacrimal intubation in the treatment of lacrimal duct stenosis or obstruction. Methods A total of 112 patients with lacrimal duct stenosis or obstruction admitted from April 2023 to May 2025 were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 56 patients in each group. The control group underwent traditional lacrimal probing, while the experimental group underwent lacrimal intubation under nasal endoscopy. The efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results The total effective rate in the experimental group was 91.07%, significantly higher than that in the control group (80.36%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the experimental group was 5.36%, lower than that in the control group (17.86%), with a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Lacrimal intubation has a clear therapeutic effect and high safety in the treatment of lacrimal duct stenosis or obstruction, and has significant clinical promotion value.