Successful upadacitinib treatment in anti-TNF-refractory intestinal Behçet’s disease: a case report and literature review

This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with intestinal BD, especially in distinguishing it from Crohn's disease and addressing resistance to anti-TNF agents. Our findings suggest that JAK inhibitors like upadacitinib may offer a promising alternative for patients with refractory intestinal BD. Incorporating therapeutic drug monitoring into clinical practice allows for personalized, adaptive treatment adjustments, potentially improving long-term outcomes in complex cases.