Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events after neonatal surgery for critical congenital heart disease

In neonates with CCHD, independent risk factors for postoperative MACE included low birth weight, emergency surgery, prolonged or repeated ACC, elevated maximum VIS within 24 h postoperatively, and elevated lactate at surgery completion, whereas prenatal diagnosis was protective. The nomogram accurately predicts perioperative MACE in CCHD neonates, aiding individualized risk assessment and management.