Perfect vortex beams double-modulated by sine and power-exponent-phase vortices

In this paper, we propose a new type of noncanonical phase vortex beam, which is a perfect vortex beam double-modulated by sine phase vortices and rotation-symmetric power-exponent phase vortices. We explore the generation principles and propagation characteristics of this new vortex beam in free space through theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental validations. The newly observed optical phenomena can be explained by the fundamental propagation properties of the perfect vortex beam, as well as the competitive mechanisms between the composite double-phase modulations. This new optical vortex shows the capability of parameter adjustment to modify the light field distribution, displaying various patterns such as “caterpillar-like,” “multi-petal,” and “polygonal” distributions during its evolution. Our research further reveals that the vortex beam can maintain its “perfect characteristics” at the initial plane when different sets of parameters are adjusted. Additionally, we quantify the effects of different parameters on the self-focusing capability of the beam using K-value curves, while also analyzing the orbital angular momentum distribution characteristics and channel efficiency during propagation in free space through numerical simulations. Our work integrates scenarios such as multiplexing in optical communications and discusses the significant potential advantages of this beam in modern communications and microparticle manipulation, along with an analysis and outlook on its future applications.