Design of carbon quota allocation and role-differentiated peer-to-peer bidding mechanism for energy storage optimization in integrated energy systems

To address the challenges of differentiated carbon responsibility among diverse energy storage units, insufficient market participation, and the lack of a flexible, role-aware autonomous trading mechanism in integrated energy systems (IES), this paper proposes an design of carbon quota allocation and role-differentiated peer-to-peer (P2P) bidding mechanism for energy storage optimization in integrated energy systems. First, a energy storage carbon quota allocation model is constructed that accounts for indirect carbon emissions, defining the qualification and responsibility of energy storage units as participants in carbon trading. Then, a supply-demand-driven P2P carbon quota bidding mechanism is proposed, and a non-cooperative game model is established to analyze the relationship between trading prices and strategy responses among storage units. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium are proved using the Rosen criterion. Furthermore, an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM)-based solution framework is developed to simulate the dynamic trading process within the P2P carbon market. Finally, case studies demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances the flexibility and economic returns of individual storage units, activates the carbon trading market, and promotes low-carbon and efficient operation of the IES.