Numerical investigation of dual-side carrier dynamics in a band engineered bifacial n-FASnI3/p-FA0.75Cs0.25SnI3 heterojunction perovskite solar cells

• This study examines bifacial heterojunction perovskite solar cells (Bi-PSCs) utilizing SCAPS-1D to optimize their performance under both front and rear illumination. • The initial device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.91% for front illumination and 27.39% for rear illumination. • Through systematic optimization, the performance improved to 32.31% for front illumination and 31.70% for rear illumination. • The performance gains were attributed to enhanced photon harvesting, reduced series resistance, and optimized energy level alignment. Recent developments in bifacial solar cell technology have resulted in substantial efficiency gains over conventional monofacial designs while sustaining reasonable production costs. Simulation of modified inorganic bifacial n-FASnI 3 /p-FA 0.75 Cs 0.25 SnI 3 heterojunction perovskite solar cells (Bi-PSCs) is carried out for effective solar energy harvesting using both the ITO front and NiO/Ag/NiO (NAN) rear electrodes. To analysics dual side photogeneration the device modeled using one dimensional solar cell simulation software (SCAPS-1D), that includes band offsets, recombination profile, electric field distribution, and transparent front and rear electrodes effects using is presented in this article. According to this analysis, balanced carrier extraction from both sides is made possible by a strong electric field that hinders interface recombination losses, while specific conduction and valence band offsets enhance charge extraction. Furthermore, carrier collection is improved and recombination losses are reduced by optimizing the absorber thickness, defect density, doping concentration level, and transparent characteristics properties. To investigate the intrinsic performance and fundamental physical mechanisms of the proposed heterojunction configuration, the simulations are carried out using idealized and optimized material parameters. Under ideal circumstances, the device attains front side power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 32.31% and rear side PCE is 31.70%, with a bifacial factor 98.11%, it’s representing theoretical upper bound benchmarks as compared to goals which can be achieved experimentally right now. The study offers physics based insights and design guidelines for n/p heterojunction Bi-PSCs, while acknowledging the gap between the numerical predictions and experimental reliability.