An ethical framework for the clinical use of Alzheimer’s disease biomarker testing

Abstract This paper proposes a conceptual ethical framework to guide decision-making around blood-based biomarker (BBM) testing for Alzheimer’s disease in primary care, where patients often present with cognitive impairment and multiple chronic conditions. Grounded in current evidence and ethical principles, it addresses clinical benefit, patient values, risk, and justice. Developed by a multidisciplinary team, the framework is illustrated through real-world case scenarios and highlights future research needs to support ethical implementation.