The gut microbiota: an emerging therapeutic target for ICI-associated myocarditis

Gut microbiota and their metabolites are essential for a wide range of human physiological processes, including inflammation, immunity, and homeostasis. The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the host immune system profoundly influences both the therapeutic response and the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Prior evidence has established the rationale for modulating the gut microbiota to improve the incidence and prognosis of ICI-associated myocarditis. In the future, we may prevent or treat ICI-associated myocarditis by regulating the gut microbiota through methods such as microbiota transplantation, antibiotic regimens, or probiotic supplements. But there is still a considerable distance between research and clinical practice.