Game-theoretic optimization strategy for mobile energy storage system incorporating time-delay effect

Mobile Energy Storage Systems (MESS) are becoming pivotal in modern power systems by balancing renewable generation fluctuations and enhancing grid flexibility. While existing research has explored MESS dispatch in power-transportation networks, the critical impacts of multi-network coupling time-delay effects on locational marginal price (LMP) remain understudied, leading to distorted market signals. This paper proposes a novel time-delay-aware game-theoretic optimization strategy for MESS operation. First, we develop a Path-Size Logit Stochastic User Equilibrium (PLSUE) model to quantify and mitigate time-delay costs, improving MESS response to real-time pricing. Second, we establish a bilevel game framework where the power grid operators (PGO) minimizes day-ahead operational costs in the upper level, while MESS operators maximize arbitrage profits in the lower level. The proposed model incorporates adaptive time-delay compensation through a bidirectional feedback mechanism that dynamically updates LMP and delay costs. Simulation experiments demonstrate that this method improves the revenue of MESS owners and reduces the total energy cost of the system by effectively eliminating the interference of time-delay effect on the MESS scheduling strategy.