Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath of the Hand: A Comprehensive Analysis of 50 Cases

Aims and background: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the tendon sheath is a benign soft tissue neoplasm that commonly presents as a painless mass, typically affecting individuals between 30-50 years of age, with a female-to-male ratio of 3:2.The lesion's etiology remains unknown, and it most frequently involves the small joints of the hands and feet, though it can also occur around larger joints such as the ankle, knee, elbow, or hip.The primary treatment is complete local excision, which may be accompanied by radiotherapy in certain cases.The most common postoperative complication is recurrence, which occurs in approximately 10-20% of patients.This study aims to assess the recurrence rate of GCT in patients with lesions in the hand.Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), followed by complete excision of the tumor and any associated satellite nodules under loupe magnification.Patients were monitored at two-month intervals for 6 months to track recurrence.Results: Of the 50 patients, recurrence was observed in only two, both of whom presented with masses on the palm and little finger, which were subsequently excised.Conclusion: Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a common benign tumor of the hand, typically adhering to the tendon sheath.Surgical approaches involving wide exposure, meticulous dissection with magnification, and complete excision of the tumor and satellite nodules effectively minimize recurrence and are associated with a generally favorable prognosis.