Analysis of risk factors for prolonged postoperative chest tube drainage after uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery pulmonary resection

Deep nodule resection, impaired pulmonary function (FEV1% < 70%), extensive stapler use (≥4 cartridges), significant intraoperative blood loss (≥250 mL), and preoperative anemia are significant independent risk factors for PPCTD following uniportal VATS pulmonary resection. These findings highlight potential targets for preoperative optimization and refined surgical technique. However, the derived predictive model requires external validation in independent cohorts before it can be considered for routine clinical use.