Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera): a comprehensive narrative review of its role in enhancing physical performance and health

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), commonly known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry, is a prominent adaptogenic herb recognized for its profound impact on physical performance and health. As an adaptogen, Ashwagandha stands out for its unique ability to restore system functions to normal, enhance the body’s resilience to stress, and elevate overall performance. This comprehensive narrative Review underscores the diverse health benefits of Ashwagandha, emphasizing its roles in immunomodulation, stress reduction, antioxidant effects, cardioprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer activities, neuroprotection, memory enhancement, cognitive function, physical performance, and sexual health improvement effects. With a rich phytochemical profile, including alkaloids and withanolides like Withaferin A, Ashwagandha showcases efficacy in mitigating stress-related markers, improving sleep quality, and regulating mitochondrial function. In addition to its anticancer potential against various types of cancer, Ashwagandha improves lipid profile and protects the heart from necrosis. Also, Ashwagandha has physical performance benefits, which indicate its potential to increase muscle strength, facilitate muscle regeneration, and improve cardiorespiratory endurance. This narrative review delves into the most recent findings and provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of Ashwagandha’s potential uses and effects on physical performance and health.