Force-sensing drill-through detection and automatic stopping in a porcine distal humerus model simulating pediatric supracondylar pinning

The force-sensing drill-through stopping system limited overdrill depth to approximately 1 mm in a porcine humerus model. Within the tested range of 900-1,500 r·min^-¹ and 0.5-1.5 mm·s^-¹, higher feed rates produced a modest increase in overdrilling whereas spindle speed had no significant effect. Compared with manual drilling, the system substantially reduced overdrill depth (≈1 mm vs. 6.6 mm), suggesting potential safety advantages during percutaneous pinning by limiting overdrilling and thereby increasing the safety margin after far-cortex breakthrough. Clinical studies are warranted to determine whether this translates into fewer neurovascular complications.