Thoughts on the Concepts and Methods of Experimental Archaeology

Based on the theory of experimental archaeology, this paper clarifies the definitions of academic terms including simulation experiment, restoration research, restoration experiment, simulation research, experimental reconstruction and experimental reconfiguration, so as to standardise the development of experimental archaeology research. It should be noted that experimental archaeology follows distinct development trajectories across nations and regions, a pattern closely intertwined with their respective cultural backgrounds and established archaeological research practices. In focusing on the Chinese context this paper traces the developmental history of its experimental archaeology, draws on contemporary domestic case studies, seeks to elucidate the role and distinctive characteristics of experimental archaeology against the backdrop of China’s archaeological development, and puts forward reflections on the theoretical underpinnings of experimental archaeology. On this basis, the paper expounds on the definitions and inherent differences between experimental reconstruction and experimental reconfiguration, clarifies the key points of contention in current experimental archaeology research, and identifies the adverse implications arising from the application of modern equipment in this field. Two key measures are proposed: first, treating the avoidance of modern equipment in experimental design and implementation as a core experimental consideration; second, conducting selective interpretation of experimental findings. These measures are intended to augment the archaeological merit of experimental archaeology. Additionally, the paper emphasises that the practice of experimental archaeology should be guided by academic rigour and a strong sense of historical responsibility, with hasty conclusions avoided wherever feasible.