Temporal Trends in Mortality of Female Cancers Among Women and the Impact of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 1990–2023: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Temporal trends in mortality of female cancers among women in LMICs exhibited stratified patterns rather than uniform improvement: ASMRs declined in UMCs but rose persistently in LMCs and LCs, while absolute deaths increased across all income groups. Distinct subtype-specific trajectories further highlight the need for targeted strategies addressing the unique epidemiological and health system challenges of each cancer. Scaling up screening programs, human papillomavirus vaccination, and access to timely treatment is essential to reverse these trends and achieve equitable reductions in female cancer mortality in LMICs.