Formulation and in vitro evaluation of an anti-inflammatory herbal suppository containing Peperomia pellucida

The relatively low IC₅₀ value of the aqueous extract of <i>P. pellucida</i> demonstrated strong membrane stabilization, suggesting that solvent selection significantly influences the efficacy of botanical drugs. Fatty acids identified by GC-MS may account for the observed biological membranes stabilizing activity. The successful formulation of the aqueous extract into a suppository was evidenced by its customary physicochemical properties. The results of <i>ex vivo</i> permeation study and the absence of significant changes following the 2-month stability period confirm the efficacy and integrity of the dosage form. These findings support the potential of <i>P. pellucida</i> as a source for the development of novel, plant-based rectal therapeutics for inflammation-related conditions.