Media literacy and critical media engagements in the Arab world

This study explores the extent to which young people (aged 17–25) in the Arab world understand and use media critically. Using a mixed-methods approach, it analyses both quantitative survey data and qualitative focus group discussions. The survey, available in Arabic and English, was conducted across universities in the region, yielding 1255 valid responses. Additionally, ten focus groups were held in seven Arab countries, with more than 200 participants contributing their perspectives in Arabic and English. Findings indicate that the language of instruction and participants’ first language significantly influence critical media literacy levels. Those educated primarily in Arabic language demonstrated different analytical approaches to media compared to those instructed in English, highlighting the impact of language on media literacy level. Participants also expressed varying levels of confidence in assessing misinformation, with notable differences based on educational background and media exposure. Results from this study may provide valuable insights for educators, policy-makers and media professionals seeking to promote and implement critical media literacy in the region. By understanding the linguistic and educational factors shaping media literacy, stakeholders should develop more effective curricula and training programmes to equip young people with the skills needed to critically engage with media in an increasingly mediatized world.