EDUGRAM: An Educational Assessment Model to Prevent Early School Dropout in Program Keluarga Harapan Beneficiary Students in Indonesia

Abstract Introduction: School dropout among children in Indonesia’s Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan) remains a critical issue. No assessment instrument currently exists to help facilitators detect dropout risks early. Methods: This research and development study designed and tested Edugram, an assessment model inspired by genogram, ecomap, and culturagram. Data were collected from interviews, focus group discussions, and questionnaires involving 79 dropout cases from western, central, and eastern Indonesia. Results: Three key social environments family, school, and peer groups contribute to dropout risks, along with personal issues such as low motivation, pregnancy, and trauma. Discussion: Edugram effectively maps risk factors and is validated for use by family hope program facilitators to conduct early dropout assessments. Limitations: The model was tested in selected regions and may require further adaptation to diverse geographic and cultural settings. Conclusions: Edugram is a viable tool for early intervention and supports future research in broader cultural and regional contexts.