Cross-DNS: Domain resolution with a reputation-driven cross-chain framework for global expansion

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of Internet infrastructure but faces significant challenges in scalability, security, and centralized control. Traditional centralized architectures are limited by single points of failure and inefficiencies in cross-chain data synchronization management. In response, this paper introduces Cross-DNS, a consortium blockchain-based framework designed to improve DNS resolution through a hierarchical cross-chain architecture. This architecture employs a mainchain as the central coordination platform and multiple sidechains to effectively manage decentralized domain synchronization. Notable innovations include a two-phase voting and verification protocol to maintain transaction integrity, a reputation-based committee election system to prevent malicious and lazy behaviors, and enhanced cross-chain query methods to ensure timely resolution. Our experimental evaluations confirm that Cross-DNS effectively increases transaction processing capacity and resolution speed, while controlling the risks associated with centralized control of root servers. By integrating blockchain’s decentralization advantages with DNS operational demands, this framework makes significant progress in DNS scalability and addresses key issues such as compatibility with existing systems.