Almost 1-1 extensions of Furstenberg-Weiss type and test for amenability

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">G</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be an infinite residually finite group. We show that for every minimal equicontinuous Cantor system <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Z comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Z,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with a free orbit, and for every minimal extension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Y comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Y,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Z comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Z,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , there exist a minimal almost 1-1 extension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper X comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(X,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Z comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Z,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and a Borel equivariant map <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="psi colon upper Y right-arrow upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> ψ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> → </mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\psi :Y\to X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> that induces an affine bijection <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="psi Superscript asterisk"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> ψ </mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∗ </mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\psi ^*</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> between <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper M left-parenthesis upper Y comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {M}(Y,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper M left-parenthesis upper X comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {M}(X,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the spaces of invariant probability measures of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Y comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Y,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper X comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2026-02-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9648
Primary Topic
Advanced Operator Algebra Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Almost 1-1 extensions of Furstenberg-Weiss type and test for amenability

María Isabel Cortez, Jaime Gomez
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Advanced Operator Algebra Research
article

Almost 1-1 extensions of Furstenberg-Weiss type and test for amenability

María Isabel Cortez, Jaime Gomez
article en

Abstract

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">G</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be an infinite residually finite group. We show that for every minimal equicontinuous Cantor system <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Z comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Z,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with a free orbit, and for every minimal extension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Y comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Y,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Z comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Z,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , there exist a minimal almost 1-1 extension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper X comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(X,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Z comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Z,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and a Borel equivariant map <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="psi colon upper Y right-arrow upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> ψ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> → </mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\psi :Y\to X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> that induces an affine bijection <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="psi Superscript asterisk"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> ψ </mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∗ </mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\psi ^*</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> between <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper M left-parenthesis upper Y comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {M}(Y,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper M left-parenthesis upper X comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {M}(X,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the spaces of invariant probability measures of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper Y comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(Y,G)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper X comma upper G right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>

Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
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Advanced Operator Algebra Research
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