State Finance in Transition: A Study of Mizoram Revenue Budget and Fiscal Management

Mizoram's fiscal management from 2014–15 to 2025–26 is influenced by institutional reforms and prevailing economic conditions. The state's fiscal policy encompasses government revenues, expenditures, and debt. Revenue sources include own taxes (primarily GST at 77%), non-tax revenues, central tax transfers, and grants. Capital receipts consist of borrowings and recoveries. Central transfers have increased while grants-in-aid have declined, indicating growing fiscal autonomy. The Finance Commission establishes borrowing limits and revenue deficit grants to encourage fiscal prudence. Mizoram's expenditures comprise revenue expenditure for both development and non-development projects, and capital expenditure for asset creation. Revenue expenditure demonstrates moderate growth, driven largely by pension and interest payments. The state experienced revenue surpluses during the Fourteenth Finance Commission period but experienced volatility during the Fifteenth, largely attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Capital deficits persist due to on-going investment needs. Expenditure across various services varies according to policy priorities. Overall, Mizoram faces challenges in balancing fiscal consolidation with developmental objectives. Strengthening revenue mobilization and stabilizing expenditures are crucial for maintaining fiscal health.