Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Properties of Scutellarin: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential

Scutellarin, a flavonoid glycoside primarily derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has garnered increasing scientific interest for its multifaceted pharmacological properties. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of scutellarin's therapeutic effects, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer activities. Emphasis is placed on elucidating its molecular mechanisms of action, such as modulation of the NF-κB, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt pathways, and its role in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Additionally, we discuss formulation innovations, including nanoparticle and liposomal delivery systems, aimed at overcoming scutellarin's poor oral bioavailability and enhancing therapeutic performance. Key limitations in current research such as variability in raw material quality, few clinical trial data, and challenges with regulatory approval in Western markets are critically examined. By outlining these gaps and highlighting future directions, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis to support the translational development of scutellarin as a promising therapeutic candidate.