Enhancement of prime editing by recruiting engineered or evolved components and implementing novel strategies

Prime editing has recently gained attention for its promising potential in treating genetic disorders caused by different types of mutations. This method, based on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), has led to the development of new strategies that offer improved editing efficiency. Additionally, the components of prime editing-namely, the prime editor (PE) and the prime editing guide RNA (PegRNA)-have been enhanced through rational design and direct evolution of structural modifications. These improvements have resulted in better performance and new capabilities, driven by novel mutations or components. In this review, we compare various studies that report enhanced versions of PE or PegRNA, which achieve more efficient results. These advancements hold the potential to accelerate and simplify the development of gene therapies for a range of genetic disorders.