Can DNA‐Protein Crosslinking Be Induced by One‐Electron Oxidation of 8‐Oxoguanosine? A Model Study of 9‐Methyl‐8‐Oxoguanine Radical Cation With Methylamine
8-oxoguanosine (OG) is a common form of DNA damage and is itself more susceptible to further oxidative transformations. The oxidized OG derivatives can covalently bond with nucleophilic amino acid residues, contributing to DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). Previous research in this context focused on the reactivity of the two-electron oxidized OG intermediate, 2-amino-7,9-dihydro-purine-6,8-dione (OG<sup>OX</sup>), toward nucleophilic addition. In contrast, the role of one-electron oxidized OG radical cations (OG<sup>•+</sup>) remains unexplored. Herein, we investigate a model system using 9-methyl-8-oxoguanine radical cation (9MOG<sup>•+</sup>) as an analogue of OG nucleoside and CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> as a mimic for the lysine ε-amine. The reaction of 9MOG<sup>•+</sup> with methylamine was measured across a range of kinetic energy in the gas phase by guided-ion-beam mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) and DLPNO-CCSD(T) quantum chemistry computations were performed to elucidate reaction pathways and structures. Our results reveal that at low reaction energies, DPCs occur through direct nucleophilic addition, yielding C2-<sup>+</sup>NH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>[9MOG]<sup>•</sup> and C4-<sup>+</sup>NH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>[9MOG]<sup>•</sup>. At high energies, DPCs become possible between protonated [9MOG+H]<sup>+</sup> and <sup>•</sup>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>/<sup>•</sup>NHCH<sub>3</sub> generated from hydrogen abstraction. This work provides insights into the distinct roles of one- versus two-electron oxidized OG species in DPC formation, expanding knowledge of OG lesions and their biological consequences.
Authors
- J Liu
- Wenjing Zhou
- May Myat Moe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9444-2982)
- Midas Tsai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-1363)
- Johnny Ceballos
- Liang Feng
Institutions
- LaGuardia Community College (US)
- Queens College, CUNY (US)
- The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
- City University of New York (US)
- Morningside College (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Chemistry - A European Journal
- Published
- 2026-02-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202503540
- Primary Topic
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00