Spatial Configuration Characteristic and Power Distribution Mechanism of Single‐Source Dual‐Load Single‐Wire Power Transfer Systems

ABSTRACT To address the limitation of the conventional single‐source single‐load single‐wire power transfer (SWPT) system in multidevice scenarios, this paper proposes a novel single‐source dual‐load electric‐field coupled SWPT system. A lumped‐parameter circuit model is established to accurately represent the spatial capacitive coupling among the transmitter and two receivers. The critical distributed capacitance parameters are extracted via electromagnetic simulation, thereby effectively resolving the challenge of model parameterization. A rigorous examination of three archetypal spatial configurations (delta‐configured, symmetrically configured, and relay‐assisted) is undertaken to elucidate their impact on the system behavior. Frequency‐domain simulations are conducted to analyze variations in input impedance, load voltage gain, and power transmission efficiency under each layout. The results show that spatial configuration critically influences power transfer via capacitive coupling. Whereas the symmetrical and delta layouts achieved balanced distribution with 51% and 39% total efficiency, respectively, the relay layout uniquely enabled dynamic power allocation—delivering up to 42% to a single load or 41% to both—solely through frequency modulation.