Enhancement of accuracy and precision of cell Young’s modulus measurement: FEM optimization and algebraic compensation

This study addresses the inaccuracy of the Hertz model in measuring single-cell Young’s modulus via probe-based indentation. We propose two complementary correction strategies: finite element model optimization and an algebraic compensation algorithm. Both methods significantly enhance measurement accuracy and consistency within the biologically relevant 400–1200 Pa range (typical for adherent cancer cells). The compensation algorithm achieves a relative error below 5.2%. This work establishes a robust framework for cellular mechanical characterization, paving the way for incorporating greater biological complexity in future models.