New strategies and innovative approaches in diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery tortuosity

Carotid artery tortuosity is a significant clinical problem, especially in young and middle-aged patients without atherosclerotic lesions. No uniform treatment standards and insufficient evidence base determine the need to search for new solutions. The aim of this review is to characterize new and promising directions of scientific and clinical research in diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery tortuosity based on modern data. The authors analyzed modern publications devoted to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery tortuosity. Special attention is paid to the role of hemodynamic factors, quantitative assessment of tortuosity, and innovative surgical and endovascular technologies. Prospects for further research are associated with understanding of pathophysiology of carotid artery tortuosity, standardization of diagnostic methods based on quantitative indices and three-dimensional modeling, as well as a personalized approach to surgical management and creation of specialized endovascular devices.