Identifying indicators for responsible investment assessment and monitoring using the Delphi method

Abstract The global agricultural sector faces a range of multifaceted challenges across economic, social, and environmental dimensions. These include economic volatilities, inflation and territorial disparities, social issues such as youth and women's marginalization, and environmental pressures including resource scarcity, pollution and climate change induced by extreme weather events. Ongoing multidimensional crises have intensified concerns about food security and sustainable development. In response, the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) has proposed promoting responsible investment in agriculture and food systems (RAI) as a promising global strategy. To effectively implement this approach, robust evaluation, monitoring, and control mechanisms are essential. Recognizing the absence of comprehensive scientific tools aligned with responsible investment principles, this research applied the Delphi method, involving 26 agricultural entrepreneurship experts. Based on a list of 178 indicators derived from a systematic literature review, the experts participated in two iterative rounds of consultations. This process resulted in the development of a significant model of 65 indicators that comprehensively address the ten principles for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. Once contextualized for specific local settings, these indicators will offer valuable guidance to policymakers and institutions supporting entrepreneurship in promoting sustainable agricultural development. This research represents a crucial step toward creating more resilient, equitable, and sustainable agri-food systems by providing a structured, evidence-based approach to responsible investment.