Healthcare seeking behaviors for common childhood illnesses among caregivers of children under 5 years of age in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

Caregivers’ healthcare-seeking behaviors (HSB) are critical in reducing child mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Children comprise a large proportion of the Palestinian population, yet under-five mortality remains a concern due to many preventable diseases. This study aimed to assess HSB and to determine the prevalence and predictors of appropriate HSB among caregivers of children under 5 years of age during common childhood illnesses in the West Bank in 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the West Bank from June to August 2024, using a validated questionnaire developed by Webair et al. administered via face-to-face interview with a convenience sample of parents attending primary healthcare centers in four governorates. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis by chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors. A total of 427 caregivers were interviewed; overall, 55.5% (95% CI: 50.8%–60.2%) demonstrated appropriate HSB. However, many initially relied on traditional or self-treatment methods, leading to delays in seeking professional care. Logistic regression analysis identified caregivers’ perceptions of illness as severe (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.60–3.72). and the presence of specific symptoms, particularly respiratory issues (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.11–3.16) and fever (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.02–2.54), as significant predictors of appropriate HSB. Along with the place of residence (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36–0.90), caregivers in cities are less likely than those in villages or camps to engage in appropriate HSB. We conclude that many caregivers delay seeking professional care, often relying on traditional or self-treatment, and that timely health-seeking is influenced by caregivers’ perceptions of illness severity, specific symptoms, and place of residence. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support appropriate health-seeking behavior.