A meta-analytic reliability generalization study of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale

Overall, the findings indicate that the Bedtime Procrastination Scale demonstrates high and acceptable reliability across studies for both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. While age, region, and sample type emerged as significant moderators (for Cronbach's alpha), a substantial proportion of heterogeneity remained unexplained, indicating that reliability variability cannot be attributed to a single set of study characteristics. Although reliability was generally adequate, the observed heterogeneity and wide prediction intervals suggest that caution is warranted when the scale is used in high-stakes or critical decision-making contexts. Moreover, recommendations were made for both researchers and practitioners.