Investigational agents targeting alarmins for asthma treatment: insights and progress from phase I and II trials

Early-phase studies confirm that alarmin blockade is safe, biologically relevant, and efficacious for improving airway inflammation across multiple asthma phenotypes. TSLP inhibition is an approved and clinically available therapy, while IL-33 and IL-25 remain in earlier development. Future progress will rely on optimized airway-focused dosing strategies such as biomarker-guided patient selection and genetic profiling, to achieve optimal personalized therapy. Anti-alarmin biologics are poised to redefine asthma management by addressing inflammation at the epithelial origin of common asthma triggers and advancing clinical care toward precision medicine.