Comparison of 3C4L and 2C3L radiofrequency ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation: procedural profile and 2-year outcomes

Compared with the 2C3L radiofrequency ablation strategy, the 3C4L strategy, while requiring longer procedure time, does not significantly increase complication rates and demonstrates superior clinical efficacy with better improvement in cardiac function and long-term arrhythmia-free survival. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the retrospective, non-randomized study design and require validation through prospective randomized controlled trials.