Obesity and low lean mass are associated with dysregulated IGFBP-3, inflammatory biomarkers, and physical impairment in older adult women with frailty

Among pre-frail and frail older adult women, obesity-with or without low lean mass-was associated with adverse metabolic/inflammatory profiles (higher resistin, GDF-15, insulin; lower IGFBP-3) in full and frail-only analyses, alongside a trend toward slower chair-stand performance. These cross-sectional findings highlight obesity-frailty interactions, warranting prospective validation.