Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Urology Professionals in Pakistan

Background/Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of burnout among urology professionals in Pakistan using a validated tool and to explore underlying causes through qualitative input. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among urology trainees, fellows, and consultants across Pakistan. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Burnout was defined using a criterion of high emotional exhaustion or high depersonalization. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to assess associations. Thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses. Results: A total of 183 responses were received. When using the high emotional exhaustion (EE) or depersonalization (DP) criterion, 62% was classified as experiencing burnout. Significant predictors included excessive working hours (more than 80 h per week), frequent night calls, avoidance-based coping, workplace favouritism, and discrimination. No association was found with gender, age, or designation. Thematic responses highlighted five common causes of burnout. Conclusions: Burnout is prevalent among urology professionals in Pakistan and is largely driven by modifiable factors. Interventions must target institutional support, work–life balance, and healthier coping mechanisms.