Recent advances in wearable sensor technology for sweat analysis

Recent advancements in sensor technology and Artificial Intelligence are revolutionizing wearable health monitoring devices, enabling them to acquire and generate data on an individual’s health status and offer critical health insights. Non-invasive sensing methods, such as sweat analysis, are emerging as promising continuous health-monitoring strategies. Sweat analysis is not an alternative to blood tests, but rather a complementary or trend-based monitoring of different analytes such as electrolytes, drugs, and small molecules. This review examines the current developments in the application of wearable technology in sweat analysis, covering advances in sensor fabrication, sensing modalities, and data interpretation strategies for non-invasive, continuous health monitoring. While sweat analysis can detect multiple biomarkers, providing insights into metabolic activity and hydration status, their concentrations are typically lower than those in blood and are influenced by sweat rate and environmental conditions. By integrating fabrication techniques, sensing modalities, and AI-assisted data processing, this work provides the current challenges and future directions for developing reliable sweat-based personalized monitoring systems.