Pathways to maritime decarbonisation: comparative insights of solar powered proven designs

The maritime industry, a significant contributor to global carbon emissions, faces mounting pressure to transition toward sustainable operations through the integration of renewable energy technologies. This study offers a detailed comparative analysis of two solar-powered vessels, MS Tûranor PlanetSolar and Energy Observer, with a focus on their proven design principles, energy systems, and contributions to maritime decarbonization. MS Tûranor PlanetSolar, the first solar-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe, features a solar-only design powered by 512 m² of photovoltaic panels and a 1,350 kWh lithium-ion battery system. This configuration allows for zero-emission operations but presents limitations in scalability and energy autonomy.In contrast, Energy Observer combines solar panels, wind turbines, and hydrogen fuel cells, showcasing a hybrid energy system capable of producing and storing hydrogen through onboard seawater electrolysis. This approach significantly extends its autonomy and operational versatility, making it more adaptable to diverse environmental conditions. The study evaluates the energy efficiency, environmental impact, and scalability of these vessels, highlighting their role as benchmarks for sustainable maritime engineering. By examining their real-world applications and limitations, the research underscores the importance of hybrid renewable energy systems and optimized designs in accelerating the decarbonization of global shipping. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers, engineers, and industry stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable practices within the maritime sector.