Research Progress on the Anticancer Effect of Ginsenoside Rh1

Cancer is one of the major lethal diseases in the world, and Western medicine treatments are often affected by side effects and drug resistance. Ginseng is a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice, and Ginsenoside Rh1, an important active ingredient in ginseng, has received widespread attention in recent years for its remarkable anticancer potential. In this paper, we systematically described the inhibitory effects of Ginsenoside Rh1 and its molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, lung carcinoma and glioma. Studies have shown that Rh1 can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induce apoptosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways. In addition, Rh1 can inhibit MMPs expression and regulate angiogenesis and the immune microenvironment to exert synergistic anticancer effects. Although the efficacy of Rh1 has been confirmed in vitro and animal studies, the clinical translation of Rh1 requires further exploration of its in vivo pharmacokinetics, long-term safety, and precise targets. In this paper, we systematically summarize the multiple anticancer mechanisms of Rh1 and look forward to the prospect of combining Rh1 with existing therapies to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel anticancer drugs.