Intraoral Scanners in Contemporary Orthodontics: Principles, Applications, and Clinical Considerations

AbstractThe integration of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed contemporary orthodontic practice. Among these innovations, intraoral scanners (IOS) have emerged as a cornerstone of digital work flows, replacing conventional impression techniques with optical data acquisition. Intraoral scanners enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve patient comfort, and streamline communication between clinicians and laboratories. This review critically appraises the evolution, imaging principles, accuracy, clinical applications, advantages, and limitations of intraoral scanners in orthodontics. Current evidence suggests that IOS systems demonstrate comparable or superior accuracy to conventional impressions for most clinical applications, although limitations related to cost, learning curve, and full-arch scanning accuracy persist. Understanding scanner technology and clinical requirements is essential for effective integration into orthodontic practice.