Sensors for Phenotyping and Health Assessment in Plants: A Literature and Patent Review

Plant sensors have witnessed remarkable advancements, enabling precise and real-time monitoring of diverse plant parameters. Plant sensors empowered by artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and cloud-based analytics are able to monitor and increase the crop yield and productivity. The smart sensors encompass a wide range of functionalities, including but not limited to measuring soil moisture, nutrient levels, environmental conditions, plant health, and physiological responses. This article has given detailed elaboration of literature and patent status on sensors for plant phenotyping, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, and plant health assessment. It has also covered global patent player countries, major International Patent Classification class, and top economy drivers in the key areas. Plant sensors were aligned to achieve sustainable development goals such as 2, 6, 7, 12, and 13. As per our knowledge, this is the first time we are discussing plant sensors focusing on patent landscapes. This study will act as a guide for researchers and economists, helping them navigate the complex field of sensor-enabled plant analysis and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.