Face-to-face all-perovskite tandem solar cells using organic recombination layers

Abstract This research investigated the fabrication of face-to-face tandem solar cells using vacuum lamination to combine a normal-structure top cell with an inverted-structure bottom cell through organic recombination layers. Using carbon nanotubes, the tandem solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.2%, and additional graphene layers improved the interfacial contact, enhancing PCE to 5.6% with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.9 V. This study demonstrates an effective organic recombination layer and a novel fabrication approach for all-perovskite tandem solar cells.