From Strain to Strength: A Narrative Review of Wellness Dimensions in Caregiving

This narrative review investigates the positive aspects of being a family caregiver for individuals with developmental disabilities (DDs) using the National Wellness Institute’s Six Dimensions of Wellness (Emotional, Physical, Intellectual, Occupational, Spiritual, and Social). While much research has traditionally focused on “caregiver burden,” this review highlights the often-overlooked beneficial outcomes of caregiving. Emotional wellness is enhanced through gratitude and resilience. Physical wellness is discussed through interventions like physical activity, which can reduce caregiver distress. Intellectual wellness emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, helping caregivers find fulfillment in their roles. Occupational wellness shows that employment and community engagement can reduce anxiety among caregivers. Spiritual wellness underscores the significance of finding meaning and purpose in caregiving, aiding in coping strategies. Social wellness emphasizes the importance of community support, social connections, and advocacy, which positively impact caregivers' well-being. By shifting the focus from burden to benefits, this review offers valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, employers, health coaches, and policymakers aiming to support and empower family caregivers. Future research should continue to explore these dimensions to enhance the overall wellness of caregivers and their care recipients.