Corporate social responsibility, ISO 26000, and green production effects on environmental sustainability in Saudi industrial companies

This study examines the relationships between corporate social responsibility (CSR), ISO 26000 compliance, green production practices, positioning strategy, and environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabian industrial companies. A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 353 managers was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed significant positive direct effects for all practices on environmental sustainability, with ISO 26000 demonstrating the strongest influence (β = 0.239), followed by CSR (β = 0.219), positioning strategy (β = 0.154), and green production (β = 0.148). Contrary to expectations, positioning strategy did not moderate the relationships between other practices and environmental sustainability, suggesting an independent rather than synergistic implementation pathway. The findings extend institutional and stakeholder theories by demonstrating the superior efficacy of structured, comprehensive frameworks like ISO 26000 over fragmented initiatives. Practically, the study provides empirical guidance for industrial managers in emerging economies, advising prioritization of integrated sustainability standards and sequential implementation to support national goals such as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. The research contributes an “independent pathway model” to the sustainability literature, offering a strategic approach for organizations navigating resource constraints while pursuing environmental objectives.