Nationwide validation of the CLEO tool to evaluate the relevance of pharmacists’ interventions in German hospitals
Since clinical pharmacy is still a developing discipline in German hospitals, differences in clinical practice and professional expertise complicate the evaluation of PIs. While intra-rater reliability was good, the validation of the CLEO tool in Germany did not achieve satisfactory inter-rater reliability. The CLEO tool may be useful within institutions with shared standards, but broader application across diverse settings in Germany requires additional training, further research and standardisation of clinical pharmacy services.
Authors
- Vivien Berger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-6013)
- Denise Köster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-3650)
- Annika van der Linde
- Lisa Cuba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-8503)
- Katharina Wien (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-4119)
- Heike Lanzinger
- Pierrick Bedouch
- Ha Thi Vo
- Charlotte Horn
Institutions
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine (VN)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble (FR)
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (DE)
- Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (FR)
- University Clinic of Traumatology (AT)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (FR)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- Heidenhain (Germany) (DE)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
- Published
- 2026-02-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-02085-w
- Primary Topic
- Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00