Development of chitosan-selenium nanoparticle modified brushite cement: A potential strategy for improved clinical performance in bone regeneration

ObjectiveThe popularity of brushite cement (BrC) in bone regeneration is related to its biocompatibility and favorable resorption properties. Nevertheless, it has poor clinical performance due to quick settling, lack of mechanical strength, and anti-bacterial activity. This paper offered the research on the impact of adding chitosan-selenium nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) into BrC to improve its mechanical, physical, and biological characteristics.MethodsCS-SeNPs were added to BrC at 1 and 2 wt.% concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the modified materials. Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated through mass-loss investigations, setting time, and mechanical properties, shear bond strength [SBS], diametral compressive strength [DCS] and biaxial flexural strength [BFS]. The antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility were also tested.ResultsThe use of CS-SeNPs enhanced BrC crystallinity, mechanical strength and antibacterial activities. SBS, DCS as well as BFS improved considerably with nanoparticles inclusion. The highest mass loss was observed at 1 wt.% CS-SeNP after 48 h and the setting times were longer in comparison with the control. The zone of inhibition and decrease in optical density were seen significant in 1 wt.% group, which indicates superior antibacterial activity. The biocompatibility tests showed moderate cytotoxicity at the higher concentrations.ConclusionThe use of up to 2 wt.% CS-SeNPs increases the structural, mechanical, and antibacterial behavior of brushite cement considerably without deteriorating its fundamental features. This engineered formulations promises to be applied in the regeneration of bones that need a greater mechanical strength and antimicrobial coverage.