Ground state of some variational problems in Hilbert spaces and applications to P.D.E.

Abstract We prove the existence of a ground state for some variational problems in Hilbert spaces, following the approach of Berestycki and Lions. Next, we examine the problem of constructing ground state solutions $$u:\mathbb {R}^{d+k}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the system $$\Delta u(x)=\nabla W(u(x))$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∇</mml:mi> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (with $$W:\mathbb {R}^m\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), corresponding to some nontrivial stable solutions $$e:\mathbb {R}^k\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The method we propose is based on a reduction to a ground state problem in a space of functions $$\mathcal {H}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:math> , where e is viewed as a local minimum of an effective potential defined in $$\mathcal {H}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:math> . As an application, by considering a heteroclinic orbit $$e:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we obtain nontrivial solutions $$u:\mathbb {R}^{d+1}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$d\ge 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), converging asymptotically to e , which can be seen as the homoclinic analogs of the heteroclinic double layers, initially constructed by Alama-Bronsard-Gui and Schatzman.

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Publication Details

Journal
Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
Published
2026-02-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-026-03265-w
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Type
article
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article

Ground state of some variational problems in Hilbert spaces and applications to P.D.E.

Ioannis Arkoudis, Panayotis Smyrnelis
Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
article

Ground state of some variational problems in Hilbert spaces and applications to P.D.E.

Ioannis Arkoudis, Panayotis Smyrnelis
article en

Abstract

Abstract We prove the existence of a ground state for some variational problems in Hilbert spaces, following the approach of Berestycki and Lions. Next, we examine the problem of constructing ground state solutions $$u:\mathbb {R}^{d+k}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the system $$\Delta u(x)=\nabla W(u(x))$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∇</mml:mi> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (with $$W:\mathbb {R}^m\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), corresponding to some nontrivial stable solutions $$e:\mathbb {R}^k\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The method we propose is based on a reduction to a ground state problem in a space of functions $$\mathcal {H}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:math> , where e is viewed as a local minimum of an effective potential defined in $$\mathcal {H}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:math> . As an application, by considering a heteroclinic orbit $$e:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we obtain nontrivial solutions $$u:\mathbb {R}^{d+1}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$d\ge 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), converging asymptotically to e , which can be seen as the homoclinic analogs of the heteroclinic double layers, initially constructed by Alama-Bronsard-Gui and Schatzman.

Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential EquationsVol. 65(3)
Openalex Percentile: Top 49%
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
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