Design of Water Distribution Network through Extended Period Monte Carlo Simulation

This study presents a comprehensive hydraulic performance assessment of a Level II water distribution system under varying seasonal and operational stress conditions. Using extended period monte carlo simulation, the system was evaluated in terms of pressure, velocity, and headloss behavior to determine its reliability and compliance with design standards. Results show that nodal pressures remained within 16–22 meters, well above the minimum requirement, while optimized velocities (0.47–2.39 m/s) and head losses (0.62-9.48 m/km) consistently fell within acceptable engineering limits. Seasonal demand fluctuations, power outage scenarios, and combined stress conditions were effectively managed through strategic adjustments in pipe sizing, pump operations, and control valve settings. Storage levels in tanks and reservoirs remained stable throughout the 24-hour simulation, ensuring uninterrupted service even during peak demand. The model achieved stable convergence, confirming computational robustness. Conclusively, the findings highlight the system's reliability and provide actionable insights for improved operational efficiency and long-term sustainability. Future work should include field validation, demand forecasting refinement, cost-benefit analysis for recommended interventions across different climatic zones.