Psychological Dimensions of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: Implications for Holistic Care

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS remains the major public health concern in Cameroon, with huge psychological implications on people living with HIV. Despite notable progress in antiretroviral therapy coverage, HIV/AIDS continues to pose significant psychological, social, and neurocognitive challenges for people living with HIV in Cameroon. In addition to the biomedical burden, PLHIV suffer from depression, anxiety, stigma, and impaired quality of life, all compounded by socio-cultural norms and limited infrastructural capacities in mental health. In spite of the fact that national antiretroviral treatment programs have moved forward survival and changed HIV into a persistent reasonable sickness, numerous people proceed to confront mental challenges that impact treatment results, quality of life, and social integration. This article analyzes the major mental components of HIV/AIDS inside the Cameroonian setting, counting passionate reaction, mental wellbeing comorbidities, disgrace, adapting procedures, neurocognitive changes, relationship elements, and the part of family and community bolster. Objective: The main objective of a conceptual article on this topic is to critically explore, synthesize, and contextualize and examine key psychological factors associated with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon including stigma, depression, denial, fear, in order to enhance understanding and guide research, policy, and psychosocial interventions. We also sought to identify psychological challenges across the HIV care continuum, from diagnosis and disclosure to long-term treatment and aging with HIV. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed studies, national reports, and global health documents to explore the psychosocial dimensions of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. The literature was analyzed thematically using stigma theory and stress–coping frameworks. Results: There is evidence of high psychological distress among PLHIV, mainly arising from internalized shame and stigma, gender norms, socio-economic hardship, and poor access to mental-health services. Psychological distress is associated with poor ART adherence, delays in seeking care, and reduced resilience. Supportive counselling, peer-support groups, and family-based interventions demonstrate protective effects but remain inconsistently implemented. Conclusion: There is a significant influence from psychological factors on treatment outcomes among PLHIV in Cameroon. Persistent gaps exists in psychosocial care and underscores the need for integrated, culturally responsive mental health services within HIV care programs to improve holistic management of HIV.