Prenatal Stress Differentially Shapes Adult Behavior in Male and Female Offspring

Prenatal stress programs neurobehavioral trajectories in a sex-dependent manner, conferring vulnerability to anxiety-related behavior, cognitive disruption, and alcohol use. By directly comparing males and females within the same experimental design, this study provides one of the most integrated evaluations of sex-specific PNS outcomes to date and offers a robust framework for investigating the biological mechanisms underlying divergent pathways to stress-related psychopathology.