Strengthening global health security: integrating One Health strategies with International Health Regulations (IHR) in a changing World.

The "One Health" approach is a multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary collaborative strategy, aiming to promote the health of humans, animals and the environment at local, national, regional and global levels. Effective health collaboration across sectors can be achieved through the "One Health" framework by adopting innovative health policies that shift from the concept of current healthcare services for ill people and animals to the prevention of health risks across entire communities: human, animal, plant, and environmental. This requires epidemiological surveillance, the development of risk and threat reporting systems, and the use of both descriptive and analytical epidemiological data to develop and improve overall health outcomes in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. Additionally, economic modelling can help to predict the potential impact of health threats, ensuring that new strategies are both proactive and sustainable, and are linked to health policies implemented from a One Health perspective and based on sound epidemiological studies. This would require securing the required resources, especially the human knowledge and competence necessary to implement these policies effectively. This study reviews the current concept and application of the One Health approach, its integration with the International Health Regulations (IHR) in epidemic and pandemic control, and its strengths and weaknesses. By analysing these factors, we propose a vision for future strategies that effectively incorporate the "One Health" approach into national and international health policies, with the goal of making "One Health" a practical and implementable framework, ensuring the sustainability of global health systems and fostering a healthier world for all.